Solar integration charges could make it uneconomic to build solar projects and could set dangerous precedents. GridLab's expert submitted testimony in four cases to respond to these proposals. He strongly criticised the utility's methods and requested that the commission cancel the proposed charges. Since then, however, the commission has dismissed all charges. We await the outcome.
Inverters
Inverters are devices that convert alternating current from a DC source to direct current (DC). They switch quickly to change the polarity from the input DC power to AC. The output is often filtered in order to create a clean sinewave that can be injected into power grid. This repeating sine wave is free of harmonics, which can damage electrical equipment.
Inverters are also able to provide grid services, such as reactive electricity. When electricity is supplied, voltage and current synchronize. If there is a prolonged disturbance, a smart inverter will detect it and shut down the power supply. This feature is important because when power flows through the circuit without being absorbed by the devices, it loses efficiency and therefore, more total power will be consumed to produce the same "real" power.
Inverter technology
Inverters are critical components of solar integration. They allow continuous voltage, frequency, reactive power and current to be fed into an electric grid. The inverter is also an interface between the PV modules and the grid, which allows for the best possible solar power feed-in. Many inverter manufacturers offer support services after installation to ensure that your system is performing at its best.
Direct current is generated by solar panels and converted to AC power using an inverter. These devices are often mounted behind individual solar panel panels, but others can be installed with the panels.
Inverter costs
A solar inverter converts solar power into alternating current, or AC. Its function is to lower the voltage to 120 V and increase the current. The inverter's maximum efficiency is a measure its maximum power. Its power output is equal to its voltage and current. Temperature and sunlight will affect its efficiency.
New PV systems need to be capable of lowering inverter costs while improving grid reliability, as the number of solar panels increases. This is critical to ease the transition to solar energy on the grid. Inverter manufacturers are working hard to reduce these costs.
Grid compatibility
Grid compatibility for solar integration is an important factor to consider when building a PV system. Contrary to traditional power generation systems, solar power is directly fed into the distribution system and must meet certain safety and reliability requirements. Germany requires that new PV projects prove grid compatibility in order to receive public funding. Accredited third-party certification organizations review the design documentation to make sure that a PGP will not cause problems when hooked up to the power grid.
The understanding of the entire energy sector is required to ensure grid compatibility in order for solar integration. This includes all the factors affecting DER operators, utilities, and end users. A holistic approach is key to building a more secure, reliable and resilient energy system. Moreover, emerging technologies such as battery energy storage systems and smart inverters can increase grid resilience and capacity, while creating new economic opportunities and efficiencies.
Utility-scale solar integration
The differences between state and local authorities can complicate utility-scale solar integration. Although some requirements are common to all states, state-by-state regulations may vary considerably. The scope and feasibility for utility-scale integration of solar energy may be affected by regulatory bodies that oversee regional reliability agencies. One example is that an electric utility in one jurisdiction might have different requirements and policies for solar projects than another.
Utility-scale projects can benefit from economies of scale. You can get as much as 1 kW electricity for every 100 square feet of panels. You will need to have between five and ten acres of land to generate a megawatt of power.